A rabbit’s diet is the foundation of their health. Rabbits have highly sensitive digestive systems that require constant balance. The wrong foods or feeding practices can lead to serious health issues, including obesity, digestive blockages, and dental problems. Unfortunately, one of the most common mistakes new guardians make is relying too heavily on pellets or offering treats that are unsafe.

This guide explains how to feed rabbits responsibly, the essential components of their diet, and the foods to avoid.

1. The Importance of Hay

Hay should make up the majority of a rabbit’s diet—around 80 to 90 percent. Rabbits are natural grazers and need constant access to hay to keep their digestive system moving and their teeth worn down.

Recommended types include:

• Timothy hay
• Orchard grass
• Meadow hay
• Oat hay (in moderation)

Alfalfa hay is too rich for most adult rabbits and should only be given to young, growing rabbits or those with special nutritional needs.

2. Fresh Vegetables

Fresh leafy greens and vegetables provide essential vitamins, minerals, and variety. Offer at least two to three cups per day for an average-sized rabbit.

Safe vegetables include:

• Romaine lettuce, kale, collard greens, parsley, cilantro
• Carrot tops, dandelion greens, basil, mint
• Broccoli leaves, bell peppers, bok choy

Introduce new vegetables gradually and in small portions to prevent digestive upset.

3. Pellets

Pellets can be part of a balanced diet but should never replace hay or fresh greens.

Choose high-quality pellets that are:

• High in fiber (at least 18 percent)
• Free of added seeds, nuts, or colorful additives
• Plain and uniform to prevent selective eating

Adult rabbits should receive only a small, measured portion daily, depending on size and weight. Overfeeding pellets leads to obesity and digestive issues.

4. Treats and Fruits

Fruits and treats should be given sparingly. While rabbits enjoy sweet foods, too much sugar disrupts their digestion.

Safe fruits include:

• Apple slices (without seeds)
• Berries such as blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries
• Banana slices
• Melon or pear in small amounts

Limit fruit to a few small bites per day as an occasional treat. Commercial treats with added sugar, yogurt drops, or baked goods should always be avoided.

5. Fresh Water

Clean, fresh water should always be available. Many rabbits prefer bowls to bottles, as bowls allow for more natural drinking. Heavy ceramic or stainless-steel bowls are best to prevent tipping.

6. Foods to Avoid

Certain foods are dangerous or unhealthy for rabbits and should never be fed. These include:
• Iceberg lettuce (can cause digestive problems)
• Potatoes, beans, peas, corn, or grains
• Onions, garlic, or chives
• Chocolate, candy, or processed foods
• Bread, crackers, or cereals

7. Feeding Practices and Routines

Good feeding habits are just as important as the foods themselves.
• Provide unlimited hay at all times
• Offer fresh vegetables daily
• Measure pellets carefully
• Remove uneaten fresh foods after a few hours to avoid spoilage
• Monitor droppings—healthy droppings should be round, firm, and consistent

8. Common Mistakes in Rabbit Nutrition

• Feeding too many pellets and not enough hay
• Offering treats too often, leading to picky eating
• Introducing new vegetables too quickly without adjustment time
• Using poor-quality hay or pellets with fillers
• Ignoring early signs of digestive issues such as soft stools or reduced appetite

Final Thoughts

Feeding a rabbit is about more than filling a bowl. It requires understanding their unique digestive system and providing foods that mimic natural grazing. By focusing on hay, fresh greens, and controlled portions of pellets and fruits, you give your rabbit the foundation for a long, healthy, and happy life.

Responsible feeding is one of the most powerful ways to prevent illness and ensure your companion thrives.

For more information, consult rabbit.org and trusted veterinary sources on small mammal nutrition.